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Analysis Of The Difference Between Synthetic Leather And Artificial Leather

2011/3/23 16:16:00 68

Artificial leather is often encountered in routine inspection.

synthetic leather

Materials and fabrics, but there are no relevant identification methods in China.

standard

Or accurate definition, resulting in the issuance of reports without accurate basis, can only be judged by experience or habit, resulting in

Identification

Confusion.

Therefore, it is very necessary to determine the reasonable classification principles of synthetic leather and artificial leather before the relevant identification methods are promulgated.

1 domestic standards and definitions and classifications in the literature

1.1 definition and classification of domestic related standards

At present, there are about ten standards related to synthetic leather in China. The definition and classification methods are mainly based on basic materials, coating materials and production processes. The details are shown in Table 1.

Among these criteria, only GB 21902 – 2008[1] has a clear definition of synthetic leather and synthetic leather.

Synthetic leather: refers to the structure of polyurethane resin or similar leather structure, which is formed by artificial synthesis on the base cloth of woven fabric, non-woven fabric, leather and other materials, and looks like natural leather. Artificial leather: refers to the structure of synthetic polyvinyl chloride resins or similar leather structure, which is synthesized by means of synthetic materials such as woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics (non-woven fabrics) and other similar materials, and looks like natural leather.

Table 1 main differences between synthetic leather and artificial leather in domestic related standards

From the definition, it can be considered that the coating material of synthetic leather is polyurethane resin, and the coating material of artificial leather is polyvinyl chloride resin. However, the "PVC synthetic leather" appeared in the standard "3.3 characteristic production process and device" is contrary to this conclusion.

At the same time, in other related standards, the base materials, coating materials and production methods of synthetic leather and synthetic leather are intersecting with each other, and there is no clear classification principle. Only in the relevant light industry standards, synthetic leather is made of polyurethane resin, and artificial leather is coated with polyvinyl chloride or polyurethane resin.

1.2 definition and division of relevant domestic literature

In China, it is customary to use artificial leather made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin as PVC artificial leather (artificial leather); artificial leather made of polyurethane (PU) resin and traditional fabric is called PU artificial leather (PU leather); synthetic leather made from PU resin and nonwoven fabric is called PU synthetic leather (synthetic leather).

This is the introduction of [13-16] to synthetic leather and artificial leather in some documents.

The classification is mainly divided into coating materials and bottom based materials. The synthetic leather is made of polyurethane resin and the nonwoven fabric is the base cloth. The synthetic leather is made of polyvinyl chloride or polyurethane resin, and the traditional fabric is made of artificial leather.

However, this classification method is quite different from the definition or classification in the relevant standards.

Another representative classification method in the literature is the artificial leather synthetic leather Specialized Committee of the China Plastics Processing Industry Association. According to the different raw materials, synthetic leather is divided into PVC artificial leather and PU synthetic leather.

See Table 2 for details.

The classification method is basically the same as that in GB 21902-2008 for artificial leather and synthetic leather.

There is not much difference in definition or classification with other relevant standards.

Table 2. Classification of synthetic leather in related literature

Therefore, the current classification principle of synthetic leather and artificial leather should be based on the definition of artificial leather and synthetic leather in GB 21902-2008. Referring to the classification method of China leather processing synthetic leather Specialized Committee, the synthetic leather and synthetic leather can be divided into PVC artificial leather and PU synthetic leather according to the different raw materials.

That is, polyurethane resin as the coating material, called PU synthetic leather, and polyvinyl chloride resin as the coating material, it is called PVC artificial leather.

2 current identification methods

2.1 dissolution and infrared spectroscopy analysis

A small piece of fabric can be soaked in ethyl acetate for 20 minutes, and there will be three kinds of situations.

(1) PU synthetic leather swelling;

(2) dissolution of PVC artificial leather;

(3) half PU synthetic leather is soluble in the ethyl acetate, but the next layer is dissolved.

Using stainless steel tweezers to pleat the swelling cuticle and spread it on filter paper, then dry it (or dry) with infrared lamp, and then analyze the epidermis with infrared spectrum.

The other parts can be made from solution on NaCl salt film, and then NaCl IR salt film and film are used for infrared spectrum.

2.2 infrared spectroscopy ATR Technology (attenuated total reflection technology)

The infrared spectra of PU synthetic leather and PVC artificial leather coating were directly collected by Fu Liye pform infrared spectrometer. The two kinds of leather were qualitatively identified by comparing the characteristic absorption peaks of the two kinds of leather with [14].

2.3 soaking in petrol

Put a small piece of fabric in the gasoline for half an hour and take it out.

If PVC leather is made, it will harden and crisp. If it is PU synthetic leather, it will not harden and crisp.

2.4 combustion method

When burning, PVC artificial leather will be emitting green smoke, while PU synthetic leather is only black smoke.

3 conclusion

To sum up, according to the relevant standards and literature, it is suggested that polyurethane leather as the coating material, called PU synthetic leather, and polyvinyl chloride resin as coating material, be called PVC artificial leather, and can be identified by combustion, infrared spectrum and dissolution method.